Invited review: Characterization of new probiotics from dairy and nondairy products—Insights into acid tolerance, bile metabolism and tolerance, and adhesion capability

The selection of potential probiotic strains that possess the physiological capacity performing successfully in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a critical challenge. Probiotic microorganisms must tolerate deleterious effects various stresses to survive passage and function human GIT. Adhesion intestinal mucosa also an important aspect. Recently, numerous studies have been performed concerning evaluation novel microorganisms, mainly bacteria isolated from dairy nondairy products. Therefore, it would be crucial critically review assessment methods employed select probiotics. This article aims discuss recent approaches, used for selection, outcomes with main purpose supporting future microbial studies. findings approaches assessing acid tolerance, bile metabolism adhesion capability are focus this review. In addition, deconjugation salt hydrolysis explored. new strain has based on vitro tolerance physiologically related including low pH bile, ensure microorganism can harsh conditions However, varied experimental these (different types media, pH, incubation time) hamper comparison results investigations. standardization characterizing selecting probiotics warranted.